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12 [a]Tarshish[b] traded with you because of the vast abundance of your wealth, exchanging silver, iron, tin, and lead for your wares. 13 [c]Javan, Tubal, and Meshech also traded with you, exchanging slaves and articles of bronze for your merchandise.

14 Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, steeds, and mules for your wares.

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Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 27:12 A section in prose is introduced into the middle of the lament; it provides valuable information on international trade in the sixth century B.C., especially in the Palestinian area.
  2. Ezekiel 27:12 Tarshish: a city founded on the Spanish coast by people from Tyre; it symbolizes the far-off places of the then known world.
  3. Ezekiel 27:13 Tubal, and Meshech: south of the Caucasus. Beth-togarmah: in Armenia. Rhod[es]: the Hebrew has “Dedan” (v. 20), which was in Arabia. Helbon: an Assyrian city.